thank-you.

i came across the same solution. note that the TTL and LOOP multicast options are 1 byte long, so i had to do $ttl = unpack('C', $ttl).

i had similar problems using IO::Socket (V1.28) and found that the unpack done in it assumed integer values when unpacking. it also did not do packing when setting values.

in summary, i was trying to implement the IO::Socket::Multicast module as described in Network Programming with Perl by Lincoln D. Stein, 2001, found in chapter 21, page 620. but none of the examples would work. so i stepped back and tried implementing using the basic Socket module.

now that i have this step working, i hope to make more progress.