Don't loop through the array; loop through the indices!

use strict;
use warnings;

my @SampleArray = ("one", "two", "three");

for my $ArrayIndex ( 0 .. $#SampleArray ) {
    printf(
        "%s is at location %d in the array\n",
        $SampleArray[$ArrayIndex],
        $ArrayIndex,
    );
}
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Or just use a sufficiently modern version of Perl...

use v5.12;
use strict;
use warnings;

my @SampleArray = ("one", "two", "three");

while (my ($ArrayIndex, $ArrayItem) = each @SampleArray) {
    printf(
        "%s is at location %d in the array\n",
        $ArrayItem,
        $ArrayIndex,
    );
}
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Update: Although each @array was only added to Perl as of 5.12, Array::Each::Override provides a working implementation of each @array for Perl going back to 5.8.