Hi hdb,

thanks very much for the code. i learned a lot from it but still have some questions. Most of them may seem straightforward to you but I hope get them clarified.

1. last unless defined($cell); i think it is used to tell the loop when to stop, e.g. when the loop stops when it reaches the undefined cell.

2. my $data = $worksheet->get_cell($row++, 1)->value(); I guess this line increments the row number by one AFTER it fetches the column value.

3.

  if( $key eq "School" ) {
    $school = $data; 
    } else {
    $data{$school}{$key} = $data;  
    }
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this i am not sure, but it seems to me that the hash table %data has 2 layers, first is school, the second contains the rest facts. If it reaches the $school row, record it as first layer key. And record the rest as other keys? Please correct me.

Thanks a lot in advance!