You have an array reference. Each element of the array is a hash reference.

So, when you loop, you are doing:

for my $hashRef ( @$my_array_ref ) # Curlies aren't needed here since 
+$my_array_ref is a simple variable name
{
  ...
}
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For each hash ref, you can inspect the contents via: $hashRef->{name} or $hashRef->{type} etc...

It looks like you want to spin through all the data and build a new Hash of Hashes (HoH):

$results->{$transactionType}{$purchasedThing} += $amountSpent
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or some such like that.

When looping through the hashes to display, you probably want to sort the keys so that you print in the same order each time.

for my $transactionType (sort keys %$results)
{
  for my $purchasedThings (sort keys %{ $results->{$transactionType} }
+) # Curlies here to mark out what to dereference
  {
    printf("spent \$%5d on %20s using %20s\n",
      $results->{$transactionType}{$purchasedThings},
      $purchasedThings,
      $transactionType,
      );
  }
}
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