I don't recommend using the quotemeta operator. That will usually misquote newlines with POSIX-like shells.

Instead, skip the shell and use the multiple argument form pipe open, such as

my $output; 
{ 
    my @command = "sudo", "/usr/bin/python", "/home/processLog.py", $n
+ame, $age, $text, $id;
    open my $P, "-|", @command or 
        die "error pipe opening program"; 
    local $/; 
    $output = <$P>; 
    close $P or 
        die "error: spawned program exited with failure or cannot read
+ pipe"; 
    # note: you may want to accept an exit failure with some programs.
+ if you do, check eof($P) instead to catch a read error.
} 
print $output;
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Update: added "skip the shell".