Based on the assumption that you're using a hash because you want all the records containing each of the top 10 values, this uses two passes. One to extract and subset the top 10 values. The second to print the records containing those values:

#! perl -sw
use strict;

open FH, '<', $ARGV[ 0 ] or die $!;

## First pass; find all the values
my %vals; m[(\S+)$] and ++$vals{ $1 } while <FH>;

## Select the top 10 and put them in a hash for fast lookup.
my %top10; undef @top10{ ( sort{ $b <=> $a } keys %vals )[ 0 .. 9 ] };

## rewind for second pass
seek FH, 0, 0; ## rewind

## And print them if they fit the criteria
m[(\S+)$] and exists $top10{ $1 } and print while <FH>;

## close
close FH;
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