UPDATE. Here is my new code:

open(my $in_fh = IO::File->new, "<", $infile)
or die "Can't open $infile: $!.\n";

close $in_fh;

$chunk =~ s/[\f\r\n]//g;
my @statement = split '`', $chunk;

my %desc = (
    020 => { type  => 'single',
             names => [ 'account'] }, ##didn't know how else to handle
+ this
    200 => { type  => 'single',
             names => [ 'f1', 'f2', 'f3', 'name', 'street', 'place1',
                        'place2', 'f8', 'f9', 'f10', 'f11', 'email', '
+f13' ] },
    300 => { type  => 'single',
             names => [ 'name_1']},
    500 => { type  => 'multiple',
             names => ['period_start','loan_id','description','loan_ty
+pe','beginning_balance_desc',
                       'beginning_balance','loan_type_num','loan_branc
+h','mail_code','loan_code',
                       'note_num','late_payment_warn_maxfee']},
    510 => { type  =>  'single',
             names =>  ['transaction_date','posting_date','transaction
+_desc','transaction_desc_continued']},

    501 => { type  => 'single',
             names => [ 'rate1', 'rate2' ] },
    530 => { type  => 'multiple',
             names => [ 'transaction_date', 'post_date', 'transaction_
+amount', 'late_fee', 'interest',
                        'balance_change', 'new_balance', 'transaction_
+desc'] },
    539 => { type  => 'single',
             names => [ 'end_loan']},
    540 => { type  => 'single',
             names => ['deposit_count','deposit_amount']},
    541 => { type  => 'single',
             names => ['withdraw_count', 'withdraw_amount']},
    550 => { type  => 'multiple',
             names => ['interest_desc', 'total_int_YTD','total_fees_YT
+D', 'loan_fee','interest_fee' ]},

    551 => { type  => 'single',
             names => ['do_nothing'] },
    250 => { type  => 'single',
             names => ['do_nothing'] },
    334 => { type  => 'single',
             names => ['do_nothing'] },
    330 => { type  => 'single',
             names => ['do_nothing'] },
    333 => { type  => 'single',
             names => ['do_nothing'] },
    343 => { type  => 'single',
             names => ['do_nothing'] },
    344 => { type  => 'single',
             names => ['do_nothing'] },
    340 => { type  => 'single',
             names => ['do_nothing'] },
    412 => { type  => 'single',
             names => ['do_nothing'] },
    570 => { type  => 'single',
             names => ['amount_due','due_date']},
    599 => { type  => 'multiple',
             names => ['period_end_date', 'end_balance_desc','end_bala
+nce'] },
    690 => { type  => 'single',
             names => ['additional_info'] },
    701 => { type  => 'single',
             names => ['loan', 'end_balance'] },
    );

my %data;
#$/ = "`\n"; #would not run through the file if I left  this on
foreach my $line (@statement) {
    chomp $line;
    my @fields = split '~\d\d', $line;
    next unless length $line;
    next unless scalar(@fields);

    my $fieldno = shift @fields;
    if( exists $desc{$fieldno} ) {
        if( $desc{$fieldno}{type} eq 'single' ) {
            @{$data{$fieldno}}{ @{ $desc{$fieldno}{names} } } = @field
+s
} else {
            push @{ $data{$fieldno} }, {};
            @{ $data{$fieldno}[-1] }{ @{$desc{$fieldno}{names}} } = @f
+ields
       }
} else {
        print "Unknown data $fieldno\n";
    }
}
print Dumper \%data;
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