Yes, but since you're now counting the frames (and replacing ./ and X later) you don't have to match the whole string!
Much simpler ( 84 chars):

sub bowl {
  ($_,$n)=@_;                                      # 11

  s#./(?=(.))|X(?=(..))|..#$&.($n++<9&&$1.$2)#ge;  # 47

  s#./|X#9#g+map{(1)x$_}/./g                       # 26
}
#                                                   ___
#                                                    84
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And here's a little bit more complicated one which passes strict and -w (and yes, I do have other things I'm supposed to be doing with my time):

sub bowl {
  $_=pop;                                          #  7

  $a=()=/\d\d\B/g;                                 # 16

  s#(?=./(.)|X(..))#$a++<9&&($2||$1)#ge;           # 38

  s#./|X#55#g;                                     # 12
  s/\B/+/g;                                        #  9
  eval                                             #  4
}
#                                                   ___
#                                                    86
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update(5sep): Actually, here's a pretty straightforword one for perl 5.6.0 and higher that passes -w and use strict at 85 chars:

sub bowl {
  $_=pop;                                          #  7

  m#(./(?=(.)(?{$_.=$2}))|X(?=(..)(?{$_.=$3}))|..){9}#;
                                                   # 53
  s#./|X#55#g;                                     # 12
  s/\B/+/g;                                        #  9
  eval                                             #  4
}
#                                                   ___
#                                                    85
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   p