if the original array (0, 3, 8, 9, 5, 2, 0, 2, 1)
and minimal "goodness" is 5
how come you consider (11, 9, 10) good, when
in this situation it should be (11, 9, 5, 5)?
update
here is my humble solution:

@a = qw/1 1 0 3 8 9 5 2 0 12 2 1/;
$m = 5;
print "@a\n";
for $x (0 .. $#a){
    if($a[$x] < $m){$a[$x+1] += $a[$x]; next;}
    if($a[$x+1] < $m and $x < $#a){$a[$x+1] += $a[$x]; next;}
    push @b, $a[$x];
}

print "@b\n";
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output

1 1 0 3 8 9 5 2 0 12 2 1
5 8 9 7 15
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*update
have found a terrible problem with this
if (0, 3, 8, 9, 5, 2, 2, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 2, 1 continous to be the number lower
than minimum, that would creata an enormous number at the end of the resulting array
I'm sorry for confusion, working on correction

@a = qw/1 13 0 3 8 9 5 2 2 0 1 0 2 0 2 1 13 1/;
$m = 5;
grep $s += $_, @a;
while ($s > $m){
    $e = shift @a;
    if($e >= $m){
        $s -= $e; push @b, $e;
    } else { $a[0] += $e;}
}

$s < $m ? $b[$#b] += $s : push @b, $s;
print "@b\n";
[download]