in reply to running programs

As already mentioned, you probably want to use the system command. I would add that you should also use the form:

my $rc = system "some command"; if ($rc != $whatever_return_code_you_expect) { # do some debugging stuff }
to take advantage of whatever error codes/messages that may be returned.

If the code and the comments disagree, then both are probably wrong. -- Norm Schryer