Do not use parse (it'll break your script on fields with newlines). Use getline instead!

Use auto_diag

I seriously doubt if all the whitespace should be counted in the length function

use 5.12.2;
use warnings;
use Text::CSV;

my $csv = Text::CSV->new ({ binary => 1, auto_diag => 1, allow_whitesp
+ace => 1 });
my %results;

while (my $row = $csv->getline (*DATA)) {
    my $uniqueID = $row->[0];
    my $string   = $row->[1];

    $results{$uniqueID}{len} // 9999 <= length $string and next;

    $results{$uniqueID} = {
        len => length $string,
        row => $row,
        };
    }

$csv->eol ("\n");
$csv->print (*STDOUT, $results{$_}{row}) for sort keys %results;

__DATA__
A, texttexttext, col3, col4,
B, textt,        col3, col4,
A, text,         col3, col4,
B, texttex,      col3, col4,
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