You will have to perform the additional step of downloading the file first. This is easy using HTTP::Tiny or LWP::UserAgent:

#!perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use HTTP::Tiny;
use Spreadsheet::Read;

# Fetch data and return a filehandle to that data
sub fetch_url {
    my( $url ) = @_;
    my $ua = HTTP::Tiny->new;
    my $res = $ua->get( $url );
    open my $fh, '<', \$res->{content};
    return $fh
}

my $fh = fetch_url('http://example.com/example.ods');
my $sheet = Spreadsheet::Read->new( $fh, parser => 'ods' );
[download]