When aliasing sub arguments to @_ elements, PADTMP, READONLY flags are copied inconsistently

vr has asked for the wisdom of the Perl Monks concerning the following question:

I wrote a fragment of code dealing with passing pointers to pointers to data for some FFI calls. Reducing it now to SSCC(?)E: if written as

pack 'P', pack 'P', $data
[download]

then Perl warns "Attempt to pack pointer to temporary value", so it's easy to debug. But in my case, it was something like:

sub foo { pack 'P', $_[0] } foo pack 'P', $data;
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-- no warnings, correct result for single call, but incorrect if return values are not used immediately but e.g. stored. Then I ran some tests:

>perl -MDevel::Peek -we "Dump 1; sub foo{Dump $_[0];$_[0]=1} foo(1)"
SV = IV(0x653478) at 0x653488
  REFCNT = 1
  FLAGS = (IOK,READONLY,PROTECT,pIOK)
  IV = 1
SV = IV(0x653358) at 0x653368
  REFCNT = 1
  FLAGS = (IOK,READONLY,PROTECT,pIOK)
  IV = 1
Modification of a read-only value attempted at -e line 1.

>perl -MDevel::Peek -we "Dump 1+1; sub foo{Dump $_[0];$_[0]=1} foo(1+1
+)"
SV = IV(0x2612cf8) at 0x2612d08
  REFCNT = 1
  FLAGS = (PADTMP,IOK,READONLY,PROTECT,pIOK)
  IV = 2
SV = IV(0xfcb140) at 0xfcb150
  REFCNT = 1
  FLAGS = (IOK,pIOK)
  IV = 2
[download]

Why is not PADTMP flag copied to $_[0], and why, if present, it also prevents copying READONLY?

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Re: When aliasing sub arguments to @_ elements, PADTMP, READONLY flags are copied inconsistently by ForgotPasswordAgain (Vicar) on Jan 18, 2020 at 18:36 UTC
I don't have an answer, but it looks the same as ref to read-only alias ... why?.	[reply]
Re^2: When aliasing sub arguments to @_ elements, PADTMP, READONLY flags are copied inconsistently by swl (Prior) on Jan 18, 2020 at 22:18 UTC
I don't have an answer either, but following the RT link in that post leads to an issue that was closed in 2013: https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/6453. However, I can reproduce the behaviour on Strawberry perl 5.30.	[reply]
Re: When aliasing sub arguments to @_ elements, PADTMP, READONLY flags are copied inconsistently by ikegami (Patriarch) on Jan 20, 2020 at 16:16 UTC
`$_[0]` is not a copy. It's literally the same scalar that was passed as an argument. That means the first `1+1` produced a read-only scalar and the second one didn't. We can see some differences in the generated code. `$ perl -MO=Concise,-exec -MDevel::Peek -we'Dump 1; sub foo{Dump $_[0]; +$_[0]=1} foo(1)' 1 <0> enter 2 <;> nextstate(main 44 -e:1) v:{ 3 <$> const[IV 1] s 4 <2> Devel_Peek_Dump vK/1 5 <;> nextstate(main 46 -e:1) v:{ 6 <0> pushmark s 7 <$> const[IV 1] sM 8 <#> gv[IV \&main::foo] s 9 <1> entersub vKS a <@> leave[1 ref] vKP/REFC -e syntax OK` [download] `$ perl -MO=Concise,-exec -MDevel::Peek -we'Dump 1+1; sub foo{Dump $_[0 +];$_[0]=1} foo(1+1)' 1 <0> enter 2 <;> nextstate(main 44 -e:1) v:{ 3 <$> const[IV 2] s/FOLD 4 <2> Devel_Peek_Dump vK/1 5 <;> nextstate(main 46 -e:1) v:{ 6 <0> pushmark s 7 <$> const[IV 2] sM/FOLD 8 <#> gv[IV \&main::foo] s 9 <1> entersub vKS a <@> leave[1 ref] vKP/REFC -e syntax OK` [download] So it appears that a folded constant (`FOLD`) in lvalue context (`M`) returns a writable scalar. We can also see the difference when using the referencing operator or foreach, as they also also impose an lvalue context. `$ perl -MDevel::Peek -e'Dump(${\1})' SV = IV(0x8549e4010) at 0x8549e4020 REFCNT = 1 FLAGS = (IOK,READONLY,PROTECT,pIOK) IV = 1 $ perl -MDevel::Peek -e'Dump(${\(1+1)})' SV = IV(0x7ed5d4d610) at 0x7ed5d4d620 REFCNT = 1 FLAGS = (IOK,pIOK) IV = 2 $ perl -MDevel::Peek -e'Dump($_) for 1' SV = IV(0x151c4b8240) at 0x151c4b8250 REFCNT = 2 FLAGS = (IOK,READONLY,PROTECT,pIOK) IV = 1 $ perl -MDevel::Peek -e'Dump($_) for 1+1' SV = IV(0x567114cd90) at 0x567114cda0 REFCNT = 1 FLAGS = (IOK,pIOK) IV = 2` [download] I believe this is intentional. Addition normally produces a writable scalar, and those semantics are being preserved even when the operands of the addition are constants.	[reply] [d/l] [select]
Re^2: When aliasing sub arguments to @_ elements, PADTMP, READONLY flags are copied inconsistently by vr (Curate) on Jan 20, 2020 at 18:59 UTC
Thank you all for useful links and answers, I should have done better research to at least find ref to read-only alias ... why?, which itself links far further into the past. Still not sure how to justify why with `foo(1+1)` the `$_[0]` is OK to be writeable, but with `foo(1)` it should die. Following previous discussion, the impression now is that it's either not a bug but vague (because of dynamic language(?)) area, or bug of very low priority, fixing of which can break/slower existing code (?). As to from where I started (`foo(pack 'P', $data)`), with hindsight, of course `$_[0]` is "pointable" for as long as staying within a sub, and returning that pointer to outside is entirely programmer's (my) fault, Perl couldn't help :(	[reply] [d/l] [select]