It is true that I am manually copying the code from a printed text. Early on, it was my own fault for not typing correctly, (those were earlier posts). My more current posts are a result of me typing exactly how the script appears in the books that I am learning from and the code not working, or if the exercises are asking to do the just one function in the program and I try to make it more robust by adding more functionality. I appreciate being part of the Perlmonk community as I find everyone on this sight extremely helpful and has helped me immensely. Thanks, Catfish