I am unable to reproduce your findings with version 1.17 of Text::CSV_XS:

$ cat ddd.CSV 
"01012019","1816"
$ cat 11116012.pl 
use strict;
use warnings;
use Text::CSV_XS;

open my $fh, "<:encoding(utf8)", "ddd.CSV" ;
my $csvfile=Text::CSV_XS->new ();
until (eof $fh)
{
    if($csvfile->parse(<$fh>))
    {
            my @resu=$csvfile->fields();
            print STDERR   $resu[0],$resu[1];
    }
    else
    {
            my $err = $csvfile->error_diag();
            print STDERR  "Erreur  :  $err\n";
    }
}
$ perl 11116012.pl 
010120191816$
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