This might get you started... (demo in "reply")

18> my @nodes = qw(K1 ASC GEB N1)
$res[7] = [
  'K1',
  'ASC',
  'GEB',
  'N1'
]

                                                                      
+          
19> my $regex = join '|', map { $_.'_(\w*\d*)'} @nodes
$res[8] = 'K1_(\\w*\\d*)|ASC_(\\w*\\d*)|GEB_(\\w*\\d*)|N1_(\\w*\\d*)'

                                                                      
+          
20> map { s/^$regex$//r } qw/drivel K1_bar42 ASC_foo666 whatever/
$res[9] = [
  'drivel',
  '',
  '',
  'whatever'
]

                                                                      
+          
21>
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> I am new to Perl, ...

see perlintro