It looks like GetSegments returns an array ref. If so, then SegmentCount is superfluous, no?

my $segments = $elfFile->GetSegments();

for my $segIndex (0 .. #$segments) {
    $segments->[$segIndex]->FileSize() or next;
    print $segments->[$segIndex]->Describe(head => 16, tail => 16, wid
+th => 32)
};
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But even the index is unnecessary (unless you actually need the number for some reason):

print $_->Describe(head => 16, tail => 16, width => 32)
     for grep $_->FileSize, @$segments;
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If GetSegments doesn't in fact return an array ref, then make a method that does. :-) It could even be a tied array for more perlishness.