#!perl -l
use strict;
use warnings;
use Math::MPFR qw(:mpfr);

my $e=107;
my $v = "5.34";

Rmpfr_set_default_prec(1000);

mpfr($v, $e);
print lanx($v, $e);    # Wins for 5.34  ** 107 & 5.34  ** 100. 
print menezes($v, $e); # Wins for 5.231 ** 107 & 5.231 ** 100.
print by_mul($v, $e);  # Wins for 5.35  ** 107 & 5.35  ** 100.


sub mpfr {
  my $val = shift;
  my $exp = shift;
  my $ret = Math::MPFR->new($val);
  $ret **= $e;
  Rmpfr_out_str($ret, 10, 15, MPFR_RNDN);
  printf "\n";
}


sub lanx {
  my $val = shift;
  $val += 0;
  my $exp = shift;
  my $ret = 1;

  for my $bit (reverse split //,sprintf '%b',$exp) {
     $ret *= $val if $bit;
     $val **= 2;
  }
  return $ret;
}

sub menezes {
  my $val = shift;
  $val += 0;
  my $exp = shift;
  my $ret = 1;

  for my $bit (split //,sprintf '%b',$exp) {
     $ret **= 2;
     $ret *= $val if $bit;
  }
  return $ret;
}

sub by_mul {
  my $val = shift;
  $val += 0;
  my $exp = shift;
  my $ret = 1;

  $ret *= $val for 1..$exp;
  return $ret;
}
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I don't really know much about MPFR.

I needed a predictable accuracy for pow(6e7) of a decimal fraction. (a highly constructed use case)

BigFloat is decimal thus avoiding binary rounding errors in this case and the limited number of multiplications allowed a boundary for the necessary precision.( 1 extra digit per multiplication)

I have no doubt that other algorithms can be faster or more accurate with less digits.

This whole thread is somehow spooky for me, financial transactions follow their own rules and rarely involve exponents bigger 100.

Natural processes in science have no reason to be decimal. If a measurement is expressed as a decimal this already involves an errormargin. (bacterias don't grow exactly x%)

I.e. decimals are normally human made!

So if accuracy is a problem this can't be fully solved with a general purpose library.

Eg IIRC do some fiscal authorities or banks calculate with special rounding units.

That's not solved with 128 digits accuracy...

Cheers Rolf

PS: Je suis Charlie!

I don't really know much about MPFR

It's good for reference - if you want to be assured of correctness in assignment, rounding and calculation. I've just now used it to demonstrate to myself that one cannot guarantee that either the "left-to-right" or "right-to-left" exponentiation calculations are going to be as (or more) accurate than performing the requisite number of multiplications.

The example I'll give is the calculation of 5.35 ** 107 - correct figure for which (to 15 decimal digits) is 8.58726126272004e77. Using double precision, the right-to-left method yields 8.58726126271995e77, left-to-right yields 8.58726126271996e77 and cumulatively multiplying 5.35 by itself 106 times yields 8.58726126271998e77 which is closest to the actual value.
(Both perl and mpfr are returning the same results.)

I.e. decimals are normally human made!

But it's those human made numbers that we're normally interested in. When I multiply (on a computer) A by B I'm generally not really interested in finding the product of the base 2 approximations of A and B.
I usually just want to know what A times B is.
And it would surely seem strange to aliens that our human made machines that we use to process our human made decimal numbers in fact don't process *those* numbers.
Doesn't seem strange to us of course - we're all well and truly accustomed to that just being a fact of life ;-)

Cheers,
Rob