That's a pretty strange format. It might be easier to work with if you do it in two steps, first matching everything that isn't a > with [^>]+ and then cleaning up the value:

use warnings;
use strict;
use Data::Dump qw/dd pp/;

while ( my $tag = <DATA> ) {
    chomp($tag);
    next unless $tag =~ /\S/; # skip blank lines
    if ( my ($id) = $tag =~ /<endnote id=([^>]+)>/ ) {
        $id =~ s/\W+//g;
        print pp($tag)," -> ",pp($id),"\n";
    }
    else { warn "Couldn't match ".pp($_) }
}

__DATA__
<endnote id=(1)>Text...</endnote>
<endnote id=(2)>Text...</endnote>

<endnote id=1)>Text...</endnote>
<endnote id=2)>Text...</endnote>

<endnote id=1.>Text...</endnote>
<endnote id=2.>Text...</endnote>

<endnote id=1a>Text...</endnote>
<endnote id=2cb>Text...</endnote>

<endnote id=a.1>Text...</endnote>
<endnote id=a.2>Text...</endnote>
[download]

Note your examples aren't very consistent: Your regex so far only matches digits followed by [[:alpha:]], so it's unclear what you expect for id=a.1. You'll have to provide some representative sample input along with the expected output for that input if you want answers that actually adress your problem fully.

Btw, you'll probably want to have a look at perlretut and perlrequick.

That's a pretty strange format.

With quotes around the ID attribute, it would be at least a valid XML fragment, and in that case, using a proper parser would be recommended. Without the quotes, it looks more like tagsoup HTML.

Alexander

--
Today I will gladly share my knowledge and experience, for there are no sweeter words than "I told you so". ;-)

I suspect you want to escape the outside brackets because you want them to mean literally brackets in your input and not to denote a capture group in regex. And so you will also have to escape the dot (.) if you need its literal value. (escape: \( \) \.). So something like: if ( $tag =~ m/<endnote id=\(?(\d*)([[:alpha:].]*)\)?>/ ) { (note that dot needs no escaping inside []). But your regex will fail on your 2 last cases: <endnote id=a.1>Text...</endnote>, so why not something like: if ( $tag =~ m/<endnote id=\(?([0-9[:alpha:].]*)\)?>/ )

But if I were you I would split the code in two subs: 1) to clean the input and remove unwanted characters. 2) to parse only properly formatted input. If your input is badly formed XML then perhaps invest doing a proper (1) and then let a proper XML parser do (2). It depends on your use case and how complex it can become in the future. To paraphrase a grand writer: All good data are alike; each bad data is bad in its own way.

bw, bliako