> to which one can continue writing.

well kind of, printing to an unlinked file in ">>" mode seems to do nothing, but no error message either.

(Tho I only did a quick test in the debugger...)

°) it's unfortunate we can't add these kind of errors to perldiag

well kind of, printing to an unlinked file in ">>" mode seems to do nothing, but no error message either.

It might seem to you that it does nothing, but that's not the case. It does what I said it does: It writes to the file as it always does.

Open the file twice, once for reading and once for writing. Then delete the directory entry you used to open the file, then write to it, then read from it. You'll see it's there.

A bit more on this.

Files exists independently of directory entries in unix. Think of them as being referenced-counted. They exist as long as they are referenced by a directory entry or by a file handle.

This means you can have "anonymous files". perl -i uses this (which is why it doesn't work on Windows without an extension). File::Temp creates these by default.

ls -l even shows how many times a file is referenced by a directory entry (second column). For plain files, it's usually one. For directories, it should be more than one.

$ ls -ld . .. .bash* bin usr
drwxr-xr-x 10 ikegami ikegami 4096 Feb 19 23:53 ./
drwxr-xr-x  3 root    root    4096 Dec 10 21:14 ../
-rw-------  1 ikegami ikegami  163 Jan  3 02:07 .bash_logout
-rw-------  1 ikegami ikegami 2318 Jan  3 02:07 .bashrc
-rw-------  1 ikegami ikegami    0 Jan  3 02:07 .bashrc_extra
drwx------  2 ikegami ikegami 4096 Feb 14 12:13 bin/
drwx------  3 ikegami ikegami 4096 Jan 24 15:39 usr/
[download]

See how .. is referenced by three directory entries? Those are /home, /home/. and /home/ikegami/..

See how . is referenced by ten directory entries? Those are /home/ikegami, /home/ikegami/., /home/ikegami/bin/.., /home/ikegami/usr/.., etc.

not sure what you mean, I globed the directory after writing to an unlinked file and it was gone.

Probably that file and inode still exist without association to a dir, but how would I recreate it into the dir?

Cheers Rolf
_{(addicted to the Perl Programming Language :)
Wikisyntax for the Monastery}