This seems to be a bug surprising side-effect of non-strict code to me. First you assign the numbers to both arrays in one go. Then, you use these numbers as (symbolic) references when you by using the arrays as multi-dimensional. Perl then uses the arrays @1, @2 etc. , and these arrays are shared between @PP and QQ. This is surprising.

Note that using 'strict' would have allowed Perl to tell you that you are implicitly upgrading/changing numbers to references:

Can't use string ("1") as an ARRAY ref while "strict refs in use at ..
+.
[download]

Update: Updated my explanation to what actually happens, after a conversation with haarg

Thanks for the explanation. FWIW, assigning the numbers to the arrays in separate lines makes no difference.

Just to elaborate a bit more on this, consider the code:

my @PP = ("foo", "bar", "baz");
my @OO = ("AAA", "bar", "CCC");

$PP[1][0] = "foobar";
[download]

What happens is that this does not modify the @PP array, instead it uses the value of $PP[1] as an array reference which points to the global(/package) variable @bar. To make this a bit clearer:

#!/usr/bin/perl -l

my @PP = ("foo", "bar", "baz");
my @OO = ("AAA", "bar", "CCC");

$PP[1][0] = "foobar";

print "\@PP: " . join(", ", @PP);
print "\@OO: " . join(", ", @OO);
print "\@bar: " . join(", ", @::bar);
[download]

Output:

@PP: foo, bar, baz
@OO: AAA, bar, CCC
@bar: foobar

The '@PP' and '@OO' array are unmodified; the '@bar' array however was created.

With use strict; you get the error: Can't use string ("bar") as an ARRAY ref while "strict refs" in use

FWIW, assigning the numbers to the arrays in separate lines makes no difference.

This is because your code's comments are wrong:

# fill two 25 x 25 arrays with zeros, then modify a couple of cells
my @PP = my @OO = (1..25);
[download]

This does not create 25x25 arrays, this creates 1x25 arrays.

Below shows a 1x25 (what you have) vs a 2x5:

use strict;
use warnings;
use Data::Dump;

my @one_by_twentyfive = (1..25); 
my @two_by_five = ([1..5],[1..5]); 
dd \@one_by_twentyfive; 
dd \@two_by_five;
__END__
[1 .. 25]
[[1 .. 5], [1 .. 5]]
[download]

or this one populates a 25x25 array, then overrides 3 slots:

use strict;
use warnings;
use Data::Dump;

my @pp; 
push @pp, [1..25] for 1..25; 
dd \@pp; 
$pp[1][1] = 1; 
$pp[2][2] = 2; 
$pp[3][3] = 3; 
dd \@pp;
__END__
[
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
]
[
  [1 .. 25],
  [1, 1, 3 .. 25],
  [1, 2, 2, 4 .. 25],
  [1, 2, 3, 3, 5 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
  [1 .. 25],
]
[download]

short answer

print this on a t-shirt:

• "use strict or die!"
and wear it at work. ;-)

long answer

$PP[1][2]=3 is a shorter notation for $PP[1]->[2] = 3

so with

$PP[1] == $OO[1] == 1

what you are effectively doing is

1->[2] = 3

which is just populating @1

debugger-demo perl -de0

  DB<46> 1->[2] = 3

  DB<47> x @1
0  undef
1  undef
2  3
  DB<48>
[download]

For good reasons that's forbidden under strict

  DB<45> use strict; my @PP; $PP[1]=1; $PP[1][2] = 3
Can't use string ("1") as an ARRAY ref while "strict refs" in use at (
+eval 66) ...
[download]

> FWIW, assigning the numbers to the arrays in separate lines makes no difference.

Well I hope it's now clearer why...

Cheers Rolf
_{(addicted to the Perl Programming Language :)
Wikisyntax for the Monastery}