Alternatively you could generate the whole string then truncate it for printing:

#!/usr/bin/env perl
use 5.010;
use warnings;
use strict;

my $max_width = 60;
my $scale = '1.......10........20........30........40........50.......
+.60';
my $long_string = q{The quick brown fox jumps over the dog};
my $pat = "%.2f %d/%d/%d  %-*s";
my @aoa = (
    [ qw/79.3      2022  1   8   /],
    [ qw/394571    22    10  81  /],
    [ qw/123456.78 12345 123 1234/],
);

say $scale;
for my $aref (@aoa) {
    my $str = sprintf $pat, @$aref, $max_width, $long_string;
    print substr($str, 0, $max_width - 1), "|\n";
}
[download]

Prints:

1.......10........20........30........40........50........60
79.30 2022/1/8  The quick brown fox jumps over the dog     |
394571.00 22/10/81  The quick brown fox jumps over the dog |
123456.78 12345/123/1234  The quick brown fox jumps over th|
[download]