One way would be with @{^CAPTURE}.

use strict;
use warnings;

use Test::More tests => 1;

my $text  = 'This is just an arbitrary example of text.';
my $query = qr~(?:(?:This)|(?:That)).*?(just).*?(arbitrary).*?$~;
my @want  = (qw/just arbitrary/);

$text =~ $query;

is_deeply \@{^CAPTURE}, \@want;
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You will need Perl 5.25.7 or newer for this approach but TIMTOWTDI.