This is fallout from https://github.com/chansen/p5-http-tiny/issues/152

The commit that changed things to not work for you is https://github.com/andk/cpanpm/commit/9c98370287f4e709924aee7c58ef21c85289a7f0

All you need to do is edit lib/CPAN/HTTP/Client.pm and change it back, and CPAN should resume working, until you can get your trust store and/or libssl fixed.