When I last wanted audio input in a portable manner, I cheated and simply read output from ffmpeg:

# record from PulseAudio device 11
open my $voice, 'ffmpeg -hide_banner -loglevel error -nostats -f pulse
+ -i 11 -t 30 -ac 1 -ar 44100 -f s16le - |';
binmode $voice, ':raw';

while( ! eof($voice)) {
    read($voice, my $buf, 3200);
...
[download]

This also works on Windows (but with different parameters for the input format).

Obviously, this has worse latency than getting the information from ALSA / Pulse / Jack, so I don't know if this is suitable to you.