At one time I quite agreed with you. I thought I would be able to fix my "seriously wrong" code. It was only after much perplexity, failed attempts, and tons of internet-searching that I realized it was the browser's handling of the hidden form fields at issue. Trust me, I had cleared all of the session-related fields (via AJAX/JavaScript): this had no effect. Note that when I started out, this did work...but browsers have evolved. I was actually surprised to learn that the browser changes were not so recent as my noticing of the problem, and it turns out I may have been slower to catch on because I had been using an old computer with an old OS and older browser (barely functional with many websites these days). My "upgrade" just pulled the wool off my eyes. Perhaps I should feel a bit like Rip Van Winkle. In any case, I must now catch up to the times--though I still program on computers that are over 10 years old.