Well, for a language that everyone keeps saying is dead, there's been a lot of progress in 30 years. :D

For your questions,

• Frameworks: there's Dancer2 and Mojolicious for web apps. I used CGI::Application probably 20 years ago, but it's been a while. And I still use Template::Toolkit for web pages -- see also their website. So handy.
• Changes to the language itself: Well, there are lots, I guess. if I try to list all of them, there will be lots of posts adding, "Hey you forgot this other important thing" ..
  • You can use // as an or in an assignment, so you can write code like my $result = $this // $that // $the_other_thing;.
  • The default include search path @INC no longer includes the current directory ('.');
  • creating an object is done using my $cgi = CGI->new; now, and not my $cgi = new CGI;
  You should probably go read some of the perldeltas and get a better handle. Those are just the first few things that came to mind.
• OO Perl: There's a new object model being added to Perl called Cor, and again, you should go read perldelta and maybe watch Ovid's presentations about this topic. The original way of creating objects is still around, as follows:

  sub new
  {
      my ( $class, $args ) = @_; 
  
      my $self = { 
          width   => $args->{width}   // DEFAULT_WIDTH,
      };  
      bless $self, $class;
  }
  [download]

Welcome back!