in reply to Re^6: X11::GUITest and Umlauts
in thread X11::GUITest and Umlauts

Letters behave differently to digits. The key V needs the right Alt to give @.

But for me, this is too far. I only use the Czech keyboard for the accented characters and switch to the English one to get at-signs, curly or angle brackets, etc. In fact, when programming, I almost never switch to the Czech keyboard.

map{substr$_->[0],$_->[1]||0,1}[\*||{},3],[[]],[ref qr-1,-,-1],[{}],[sub{}^*ARGV,3]

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Re^8: X11::GUITest and Umlauts
by NERDVANA (Priest) on Oct 21, 2025 at 04:51 UTC
    Interesting, I'd never heard of Alt combos to emit characters. But it makes sense - "alternate" characters... probably why it's there in the first place?

    I was greatly disappointed when I learned that you can't buy foreign keyboards to have them emit unicode, even now in the USB era, and that it's always software that needs configured to match the text on the keys. But I guess you also just showed me why maybe people prefer that :-) you can switch on the fly.

[reply]
      I'd never heard of Alt combos to emit characters

      That's quote common on non-US keyboard layouts. The right Alt key is labeled "Alt Gr" on German keyboards, and it is needed for a lot of characters:

      KeyCharacter with Alt Gr
      2"²
      3§³
      7/{
      8([
      9)]
      0=}
      ß?\
      Q@
      E€ ("new" since about 2002)
      +*~
      <>|
      Mµ

      That's the layout used by Windows, and printed on the keycaps. It is called "T1" in the DIN2137-1 2012-06. You can also find these mappings on Linux, which usually adds some extra mappings not printed on the keycaps. There is an extended German keyboard layout called "T2" that I have never seen in the wild, compatible to "T1", but with extra characters on any character key. MacOS is a different beast.

      And yes, using the German layout can be annoying to use when writing code in languages derived from C, about half of the characters you need have to be typed using the "Alt Gr" key.

      Many, but not all PC operating systems accept any Ctrl key + left Alt key as a substitute for the "Alt Gr" key. Windows 2000 and newer do, MS DOS up to at least 6.22 does not. Maybe this was added for some small keyboards lacking the "Alt Gr" key.

      Things get interesting with other layouts. The Swiss keyboard layout (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:KB_Swiss.svg) comes in two variants, Swiss German and Swiss French. Both variants are identical except for the three keys responsible for ä, ö, ü and à, é, è. The Swiss German layout has äöü in the unshifted state and needs shift for àéè, on the Swiss French layout, it is the exact opposite (äöü need Shift, àéè don't). Uppercase ÄÖÜ and ÀÉÈ aren't available, neither is ß (not used in Swiss German).

      See also the wikipedia pages German keyboard layout and Keyboard layout, and of course the exhaustive list of usages in AltGr key.

      Alexander

      --
      Today I will gladly share my knowledge and experience, for there are no sweeter words than "I told you so". ;-)
[reply]

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