Using Fedora here. Just get stuck on sintax error near $grades({. So, as beginner, hope this code become useful. The solution is to declare variables scope correctly:

#!/usr/bin/env perl    # because perlbrew
# perl ./gradation.pl without using chmod u+x gradation.pl

use strict; 
use warnings;
use autodie;
use diagnostics;

my $line;
my $student;
my $grade;
#my $grades;
my %grades;
my $scores;
my $total;
my @grades;
my $average;
my $grades_fh;
my $filename = 'grades.txt';

# open(GRADES,"grades.txt") or die("Cant open grades.txt:$!\n");
# Use a lexical file handle '$grades_fh' instead of 'GRADES'
open($grades_fh, '<', $filename) or die "Can't open $filename: $!\n";

while ($line = <$grades_fh>) {
    ($student, $grade) = split(" ",$line);
    $grades{$student} .= $grade . " ";    # dot eq symbol is appending
+ 
}

foreach $student (sort keys %grades) {
    $scores = 0;
    $total = 0;
    @grades = split(" ",$grades{$student});
    foreach $grade (@grades) {
        $total += $grade;
        $scores++;
    }
    $average = $total / $scores;
    print("$student: $grades{$student}\tAverage: $average\n");
}

# The file handle is automatically closed when the program ends,
# but can be explicitly closed with:
close($grades_fh) or die "Can't close $filename: $!\n";
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