Thank you all and special thanks to Monk Poj. I printed the original VB and your Perl code and will study them side-by-side. I did review the Excel object model through Excel and on the MSDN site, but that was new to me also. So, having your Perl code will go a long, long way in helping understand how to translate between the two languages. I'm so very grateful to have the whole picture to get me on my journey.