You don't need a hash (%table), you can use an array in the same way as for @colours. Just remember that array indices start at 0, not 1.

You can also verify that the input is a number in the given range and ask again if it isn't.

The modulo operator in Perl is %:

#! /usr/bin/perl
use warnings;
use strict;

print "Please enter a number between 1 and 5 (inclusive): ";
my $number = 0;
while ($number !~ /^[1-5]$/) {
    $number = <STDIN>;
    chomp $number;
}

my @colours  = qw( _ Red   Green Blue Purple  Black );
my @emotions = qw( _ Angry Sick  Calm Worried Sad );
my $even_odd;
if (0 == $number % 2) {
    $even_odd = 'Even';
} else {
    $even_odd = 'Odd';
}

print join '. ', $colours[$number], $even_odd, $emotions[$number], "\n
+";
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