My quick whack at it:

sub parse_HERE_table($)
{
    my @lines = split /[\r\n]+/, $_[0];

    my $pattern = splice @lines, 1, 1;
    my $len = length $pattern;
    $pattern =~ y/-/A/; # to use \b, we need \w chars, and '-' is not 
+\w.
    $pattern =~ s/\bA/(A/g; # too bad we can't do s/\</(/g and s/\>/)/
+g :-(
    $pattern =~ s/A\b/A)/g;
    $pattern =~ y/A/./;

    ( my $header, @lines ) =
        map { [ map { s/\s+$//; $_ } /$pattern/ ] } # parse; trim trai
+ling whitespace from each value.
        map { $_.(' 'x($len-length($_))) } # pad with spaces to ensure
+ it's long enough to match.
        grep { /\S/ } # skip blank lines.
        @lines;

    [ map { my %r; @r{ @$header } = @$_; \%r } @lines ]
}

my $arrayref = parse_HERE_table <<EOF;
Name     UPP    Age Career     Terms
-------- ------ --- ---------- -----
Rejnaldi 765987 38  Citizen    6
Lisandra 6779AA 34  Noble      4
Kuran    899786 42  Marine     8
EOF
[download]

This code assumes well-formed input. You could certainly add error checking and so on.

BTW - the data shown is (obviously?) in the format produced by default by sql select statements, at least for some major RDMS... So you'd think that this would be a "solved problem" by now...

Well, yes. There is Parse::SQLOutput ... but it won't work for the OPs data.