Why not keep the fragments as pairs. The pairs can then combine to produce four alternatives.

1 => [ 'TTAAGTAGCATCGATTTATAGCATCGACTAGTAA', 'TTACTAGTCGATGCTATAAATCGA
+TGCTACTTAA' ],
2 => [ ... ]
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Or, you could keep only the F fragments, but assemble the four FF FR RF RR variants right as you combine two fragments. For example, write a sub that accepts two keys and returns four pairs as a list. Breaking down the problem into subroutines is a smart idea in any case. Using Algorithm::Combinatorics combinations() is then possible since you have one key per fragment/cognate.