G'day beech,

"As you can see import is only called twice when the empty parens aren't present"

I may be missing the point your trying to make here. I would only expect import() to be called twice (once for each 'use G;'). The empty list is intended to stop import() from being called.

From use:

If you do not want to call the package's import method (for instance, to stop your namespace from being altered), explicitly supply the empty list:

use Module ();
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Although the arguments to use if are (CONDITION, MODULE, ()) — see the 'perl -MO=Deparse ...' line from my OP — I'm resonably sure the third argument (the empty list) is lost due to @_ being flattened; the version of @_, used by goto &work in if::import(), no longer has that empty list.

Anyway, as I said, I think I may be missing some point you're making. If you'd care to clarify, I'd be happy to discuss further.

Anyway, as I said, I think I may be missing some point you're making. If you'd care to clarify, I'd be happy to discuss further.

Hi

My point is that empty list , the parens , are not being lost, they never existed, and they can't be passed around, because foo() is the same as foo((),(),())

Its a special case in the parser that causes use YADA (); to be treated as BEGIN{require YADA;} with no call to import.

B::Deparse peeks at the optree to decide when to print use YADA();

This is the parsing parts of a "use" statement

https://perl5.git.perl.org/perl.git/blob/HEAD:/perly.y#l349

 349         |       USE startsub
 350                         { CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv); /* It's a BEGI
+N {} */ }
 351                 BAREWORD BAREWORD optlistexpr ';'
 352                         {
 353                           SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 354                           utilize($1, $2, $4, $5, $6);
 355                           parser->parsed_sub = 1;
 356                           $$ = NULL;
 357                         }
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toke.c s_tokenize_use

Related loading module parts
op.c Perl_vload_module
op.c Perl_utilize

6307     /* Fake up an import/unimport */
6308     if (arg && arg->op_type == OP_STUB) {
6309         imop = arg;             /* no import on explicit () */
6310     }
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http://perldoc.perl.org/perlapi.html#load_module

If you look inside sub begin_is_use inside B::Deparse ( L571 and L611 ) you can see what it goes through to decide if its dealing with a use statement with or without empty parens, its looking at the optree, because of the fake begin sub in utilize

As you can see, the empty parens simply never existed

Similar to my post above, but a weaker demonstration, if you look at perlrun there are two switches for loading modules

$ perl -mopen -e 1

$ perl -Mopen -e 1
open: needs explicit list of PerlIO layers at -e line 0.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted.
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Passing no arguments (like empty parens) doesn't work with either version import gets called , because in the end its a simple use statement

$ perl -Mopen= -e 1
open: needs explicit list of PerlIO layers at -e line 0.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted.

$ perl -mopen= -e 1
open: needs explicit list of PerlIO layers at -e line 0.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted.
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++ Thanks for the examples, code snippets and links. A fair amount of work has gone into that: much appreciated. And yes, I do now see the point you were making.

— Ken