in reply to Orbital starters

      my ($class,$d) = shift;

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in my understanding, this "initializes" $d with undef. Why don't you 
      my ($class,$d) = @_;

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Personally, I'd do it this ("mixed") way:
      my $class = shift;
      my ($args, $as, $needed) = @_;

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to have the argument list in the same manner as in the corresponding method call.

Update: see also this discussion from several years ago

Update: typo corrected. Thanks AnomalousMonk!

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Re^2: Orbital starters
by holyghost (Beadle) on Oct 10, 2017 at 10:26 UTC
    You can use $_ and @_ AFAIK
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      They are different. You can run the following example.

      The part below the __DATA__ shows the expected output: $VAR1 is $_, $VAR2 is @_
      (the \ in the Dumper statement is to have @_ formatted as array rather than individual scalars).

      Before you go hunting for that odd Perl version: it specifies the minimum version. If your Perl is even older, you can change use 5.011 to use strict and say by print.

      #!/usr/bin/env perl
use 5.011; # implies strict + feature 'say'
use warnings;
use Data::Dumper;

for (1 .. 2) {
    say "in loop:";
    say Dumper $_;
    test(3, 4);
}

sub test {
    say "in sub:";
    #          $VAR1  $VAR2
    say Dumper $_,    \@_;
}

__DATA__

in loop:
$VAR1 = 1;

in sub:
$VAR1 = 1;
$VAR2 = [
          3,
          4
        ];

in loop:
$VAR1 = 2;

in sub:
$VAR1 = 2;
$VAR2 = [
          3,
          4
        ];
 ];

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[d/l]
[select]
      No and yes, respectively.
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In Section Meditations