I will try to improve code quality! tnxx for that. But as far as padding, maybe I am wrong but, if I have say a 7 byte string at hand and I want it to be padded to 8 byte string I should add 1 byte i.e. 1 char say "0"... Correction: I think I get it now.... The char '0' in binary is far from being just seq. of 0 in bin!, and the DES algo' appends exactly those dec 0 you meant to the binary representation of a specific chunk.....? Hmm worth checking!! tnxx again:) Also found just now :( found this: https://asecuritysite.com/encryption/padding_des