Hello Anonymous Monk

Another possible solution to your problem.

The DATA are taken from the Text::Levenshtein module.

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use IO::All;
use warnings;
use Data::Dumper;
use Text::Levenshtein qw(distance);

my @words = io($ARGV[0])->chomp->slurp;

my %hash;
for (0..$#words) {
    my $word = shift @words;
    $hash{$word} = [distance($word, @words)];
    push @words, $word;
}
print Dumper \%hash;

__END__

$ perl test.pl words.txt
$VAR1 = {
          'bar' => [
                     3,
                     3
                   ],
          'four' => [
                      2,
                      3
                    ],
          'foo' => [
                     3,
                     2
                   ]
        };

__DATA__

$ cat words.txt
four
foo
bar
[download]

Update: Maybe this alternative solution is better:

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use IO::All;
use warnings;
use Data::Dumper;
use Text::Levenshtein qw(distance);

my @words = io($ARGV[0])->chomp->slurp;

my %HoH;
for (0..$#words) {
    my $word = shift @words;
    my @distances = distance($word, @words);
    my %hash;
    @hash{@words} = @distances;
    $HoH{$word} = \%hash;
    push @words, $word;
}
print Dumper \%HoH;

__END__

$ perl test.pl words.txt
$VAR1 = {
          'foo' => {
                     'bar' => 3,
                     'four' => 2
                   },
          'bar' => {
                     'four' => 3,
                     'foo' => 3
                   },
          'four' => {
                      'bar' => 3,
                      'foo' => 2
                    }
        };
[download]

Hope this helps, BR.