I understand that you already have a great solution. However, if you prefer a solution which implements your specification exactly, you can use another module (List::UtilsBy).

use strict;
use warnings;
use List::UtilsBy qw(nsort_by);
my @array = qw(Patch_1.0 Patch_2.0 Patch_3.1 Patch_5.0 Patch_4.2
               Patch_6.0 Patch_7.0 Patch_8.0 Patch_9.3 Patch_10.2);
{
    local $, = "\n";
    print nsort_by {s/Patch_//} @array
}
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UPDATE: Added link.