My notorious 2˘:

#!/usr/bin/env perl

use strict;
use warnings;
use Path::Tiny;
use Array::Split qw(split_by);
use feature qw(say);
use Data::Dump;

my $file = shift;

say path($file)->slurp;

my @records;

for (
    split_by(
        3,
        grep { defined }
          map { /(.+ = .+)/; $1 } 
          path($file)->lines( { chomp => 1 } )
    )
  )
{
    my $name   = ( split / = /, @$_[0] )[1];
    my $code   = ( split / = /, @$_[1] )[1];
    my $status = ( split / = /, @$_[2] )[1];
    printf( "%s %s\n", $name, $status );
    my $hash_ref;
    $hash_ref->{name}   = $name;
    $hash_ref->{status} = $status;
    $hash_ref->{code}   = $code;
    push @records, $hash_ref;
}

dd \@records;

__END__

karls-mac-mini:sreek3502 karl$ ./sreek3502.pl data.txt

Student Name = Harry
Student Code = student_id_1
Exam Status = PASSED
-------------------------------------
Student Name = Mike
Student Code = student_id_2
Exam Status = PASSED
-------------------------------------
Student Name = Tom
Student Code = student_id_3
Exam Status = PASSED
-------------------------------------
Student Name = Bob Smith
Student Code = student_id_4
Exam Status = FAILED

Harry PASSED
Mike PASSED
Tom PASSED
Bob Smith FAILED
[
  { code => "student_id_1", name => "Harry", status => "PASSED" },
  { code => "student_id_2", name => "Mike", status => "PASSED" },
  { code => "student_id_3", name => "Tom", status => "PASSED" },
  { code => "student_id_4", name => "Bob Smith", status => "FAILED" },
]
[download]

Probably not the best or fastest solution but you get a AoH for free.

Update: OK, horizontally: printf( "%s %s ", $name, $status );

Best regards, Karl