I found what I was missing

It's in the Message Descriptor options (MsgDesc)
You need to specify allowing the QMGR to segment the message with MsgFlags => MQSeries::MQMF_SEGMENTATION_ALLOWED

my $md = { MsgFlags => MQSeries::MQMF_SEGMENTATION_ALLOWED };
my $putmessage = MQSeries::Message->new( MsgDesc => $md ,Data => $data
+ );
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