Yes, see perlre on how "alternations" work:

    $temp =~ /(BCInletTemperature|someOtherTemperature|aThirdTemperatu
+reName) = ([\d.]+)\[C\]/
        or die "Invalid temperature format in '$temp'";
    my( $temperatureType, $temperatureValue ) = ($1,$2);
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But maybe you want a more generic parser that will capture any word on the left hand side of the "=" sign and any number on the right hand side. Then you can use the \w character class or the [A-Za-z] character class (again, see perlre) for matching any word on the left hand side:

    $temp =~ /(\w+) = ([\d.]+)\[C\]/
        or die "Invalid temperature format in '$temp'";
    my( $temperatureType, $temperatureValue ) = ($1,$2);
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