Many ways to do that. Using pack/unpack:

@ary = map { pack "B32", join "", (1) x $_, (0) x (32 - $_) } 0..31;
print unpack("B*",$_),"\n" for @ary;
[download]

pack"B*" packs a string containing 1 and 0 into binary, unpack does the reverse.

Using vec:

$#ary = 31; # create an array of 32 empty slots
$c = 0; vec($_,0,32) = ~((1<<++$c)-1) for @ary;
@ary = reverse @ary;

# another way without $c
vec($ary[31+$_],0,32) = ~((1<<(-$_+1))-1) for -31..0;

print unpack("B*",$_),"\n" for @ary;
[download]

Both solutions output the table you used for illustration. Now you can use that @ary e.g. to calculate network addresses from address and mask:

@ary = map { pack "B32", join "", (1) x $_, (0) x (32 - $_) } 0..31;
$dotted    = "192.168.248.17";
$netmask   = $ary[19]; # prefix 19, i.e. cidr 192.168.248.17/19
$address   = pack "C4", split /\./, $dotted;
$network   = $address & $netmask;
$broadcast = $address | ~ $netmask;
print $_,$/ 
  for map {
    join ".", unpack "C4", $_
  } $netmask, $address, $network, $broadcast;
__END__
255.255.224.0
192.168.248.17
192.168.224.0
192.168.255.255
[download]

Both your example table and those created with the above snippets lack the last element having all 32 bits set, which corresponds to prefix 32, i.e. $address == $network == $broadcast with netmask 255.255.255.255 - fixing that is left as an excercise for the reader.

update: ...a golfed CIDR calculator:

#!/usr/bin/perl
# file cidr
$m=pack B32,pop=~'/'x$';printf"$` network %vd broadcast %vd netmask %v
+d\n",($z=eval$`)&$m,$z|~$m,$m
[download]

qwurx [shmem] ~> cidr 192.168.248.17/19
192.168.248.17 network 192.168.224.0 broadcast 192.168.255.255 netmask
+ 255.255.224.0
[download]

This is an adapted excerpt from a larger script and uses pack in a loop on a bit-shifted value.

use 5.022;
use warnings;

my @netmasks;
my $value = 0xfffffffe;

for my $maskLen ( reverse 0 .. 31 )
{
    unshift @netmasks, pack q{N}, $value;
    $value = do {
       no warnings qw{ portable };
       ( $value <<= 1 ) % 0x100000000;
       };
}

say for map { unpack q{B32}, $_ } @netmasks;
[download]

The output.

00000000000000000000000000000000
10000000000000000000000000000000
11000000000000000000000000000000
11100000000000000000000000000000
11110000000000000000000000000000
11111000000000000000000000000000
11111100000000000000000000000000
11111110000000000000000000000000
11111111000000000000000000000000
11111111100000000000000000000000
11111111110000000000000000000000
11111111111000000000000000000000
11111111111100000000000000000000
11111111111110000000000000000000
11111111111111000000000000000000
11111111111111100000000000000000
11111111111111110000000000000000
11111111111111111000000000000000
11111111111111111100000000000000
11111111111111111110000000000000
11111111111111111111000000000000
11111111111111111111100000000000
11111111111111111111110000000000
11111111111111111111111000000000
11111111111111111111111100000000
11111111111111111111111110000000
11111111111111111111111111000000
11111111111111111111111111100000
11111111111111111111111111110000
11111111111111111111111111111000
11111111111111111111111111111100
11111111111111111111111111111110
[download]

I hope this is helpful.

What you need is a vec one, right?