Yes, almost every option on the command line translates to Perl code that you can use in your script. This is covered almost entirely in perlrun (see this for the -i switch). Corion showed how to use B::Deparse, but note that the code it shows is often a little longer than it needs to be. For example, perl -lane 'print $F[2]' can be written like the following. I've added warnings and strict, and used my @F instead of our @F and local $\ to limit their scope.

use warnings;
use strict;

local $\ = "\n";    # -l
while (<>) {        # -n
    chomp;          # -l
    my @F = split;  # -a
    print $F[2];    # -e
}
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Also note that Perl parses command-line options on the shebang line. So for example, to get the effect of -s (rudimentary command-line switches) without having to specify it on the command line:

$ cat s.pl 
#!/usr/bin/perl -s
use warnings;
use strict;

our $x;
print "<$x>\n";

$ ./s.pl -x=foo
<foo>
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