"How can I achieve it with Excel::Writer::XLSX ?"

As I said, I don't think you can do this. This module writes a file, think of it as an XML file in a zip container. It's the application that actually draws the charts. You're not using the Excel application with this module.

Update: On Linux you should be able to open the file in OpenOffice, and extract the rendered chart, in a similar fashion to the Win32::OLE route. Take a look at OpenOffice::UNO. If you have a working solution via GD couldn't you just use that method?