perldoc -f -x
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returns among other:

-s File has nonzero size (returns size in bytes).

= is the normal old assignment operator.

($q=q:Sq=~/;[c](.)(.)/;chr(-||-|5+lengthSq)`"S|oS2"`map{chr |+ord
}map{substrSq`S_+|`|}3E|-|`7**2-3:)=~y+S|`+$1,++print+eval$q,q,a,
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Not quite.

-z is used to check if it's a zero-length file. It returns '' if the file is greater than zero bytes, undef if the file doesn't exist, and 1 if the file is in fact empty.

-s will return the number of bytes, including zero if file is empty:

use warnings;
use strict;

use feature 'say';

say -s 'size.txt';
say -s 'empty.txt';
say -z 'size.txt';
say -z 'empty.txt';
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Output:

8 # -s, 8 bytes
0 # -s, empty file
  # -z, file has bytes
1 # -z, file is empty
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Thanks AnomalousMonk for privately correcting me on the return values from -z.