works for me

#!perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use Data::Dump qw/pp dd/;

my %hash;

local $/="(Special)";

while(<DATA>){
    if ($_ =~ /TG:\s(VIN:\d+)\ntype:\s(.+)\n/){
        my $keys = $1;
        my $values = $2;
        $hash{$keys} = $values;
    }
}

pp \%hash;


__DATA__
(Special)
TG: VIN:1000000
type: a very special type of plane

(Special)
TG: VIN:1000001
type: a very special type of car

(Special)
TG: VIN:1000002
type: a very special type of boat

this repeats many times..
[download]

{
  "VIN:1000000" => "a very special type of plane",
  "VIN:1000001" => "a very special type of car",
  "VIN:1000002" => "a very special type of boat",
}
[download]

> What could be the problem here?

You? ;-)

update

seriously I think your input is different from what you've shown us. probably check it bytes wise, especially line-endings.