It doesn't seem so. like others already demonstrated it's possible to build a repeated format with the x operator.

Personally I'd rather prefer to just do a for loop creating the output, hence avoiding to repeat myself

 
  DB<35> @a=1..10

  DB<36> printf "%03d:",$_ for @a
001:002:003:004:005:006:007:008:009:010:
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please note that you can easily have other list constructors like map and grep in place for @a.