if you find a way to escape curlies and other "wildcard characters"
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Sure, just move them out of the way :)

#!/usr/bin/perl

# https://perlmonks.org/?node_id=1226189

use strict;
use warnings;

#print glob qq("$_") =~ s/[^|\n]+/{$&}/gr while <DATA>;

print map tr/\1-\7/{}[]"*?/r, glob
  +('"' . tr/{}[]"*?/\1-\7/r . '"') =~ s/[^|\n]+/{$&}/gr
  while <DATA>;

__DATA__
some text foo | some text BAR | oh , no , commas | some text BAZ | som
+e text QUX
some,text,FOO{3} | some text BAR*? |  "one" two | some , text , QUX
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Outputs:

some text foo | some text BAR | oh | some text BAZ | some text QUX
some text foo | some text BAR | no | some text BAZ | some text QUX
some text foo | some text BAR | commas | some text BAZ | some text QUX
some| some text BAR*? |  "one" two | some 
some| some text BAR*? |  "one" two | text 
some| some text BAR*? |  "one" two | QUX
text| some text BAR*? |  "one" two | some 
text| some text BAR*? |  "one" two | text 
text| some text BAR*? |  "one" two | QUX
FOO{3} | some text BAR*? |  "one" two | some 
FOO{3} | some text BAR*? |  "one" two | text 
FOO{3} | some text BAR*? |  "one" two | QUX
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