{
        no strict 'refs';
        my $full_name = "${pkg}::$name";
        $declared{$full_name}++;
        if (@_ == 1) {
            my $scalar = $_[0];
            *$full_name = sub () { $scalar };
        } elsif (@_) {
            my @list = @_;
            *$full_name = sub () { @list };
        } else {
            *$full_name = sub () { };
        }
    }
[download]

Incorrect. If it looks like a regular subroutine to you that only means you don't know what an inlined subroutine looks like! I suggest you spend some time with Benchmark and prove to yourself that "use constant" really does result in inlined subroutines.

-sam

Time well spent. Thanks for the insight, samtregar, and Elian. Two letters, '()', can make a whole lot of difference. Wow.

I've been trying to kill off references to Tie::Const, a deprecated module from ages ago, and now I think this might just do the trick.

Benchmarking tells you if something is faster or not. B::Deparse tells you how Perl compiled your code. Both are useful in a case like this, so here's the Deparse way...

<mir 112 [8:56] ~ >perl -MO=Deparse -le 'use constant X=>17; print X'
-e syntax OK

sub X () {
    package constant;
    $scalar;
}
print 17;
[download]

When the person above you said 'inline', I don't think he was referring to Inline::C or anything like that. Rather, that the Perl compiler knows to optimize "constant" subroutines at compile-time and replace its subroutine/stack-calling stuff with... well, constant values

As an example, I created a program around the "Foo" package example we're using here, and I expanded the "Foo" package as well. Here it is:

#!/usr/bin/perl -w

use strict;

my $foo = Foo->new();

$foo->setBar('10');

print "\$foo's 'bar' value is = " . $foo->getBar() . "\n";

exit 0;

package Foo;

use constant BAR      => 1;
use constant BAZ      => 2;
use constant SO_ON    => 3;
use constant SO_FORTH => 4;

sub new {
    return bless ([], +shift);
}

sub getBar {
    my $self = shift;
    $self->BAR;
}

sub setBar {
    my $self = shift;
    $self->BAR = +shift;
}

Now, look at what this looks like when I run it through B::Deparse

rdice@tanru:~$ perl -MO=Deparse,-uFoo constants.pl
my $foo = 'Foo'->new;
$foo->setBar('10');
print q($foo's 'bar' value is = ) . $foo->getBar . "\n";
exit 0;
sub Foo::BAR () {
    package constant;
    $scalar;
}
sub Foo::BAZ () {
    package constant;
    $scalar;
}
sub Foo::SO_ON () {
    package constant;
    $scalar;
}
sub Foo::SO_FORTH () {
    package constant;
    $scalar;
}
sub Foo::new {
    package Foo;
    return bless([], shift @_);
}
sub Foo::getBar {
    package Foo;
    my $self = shift @_;
    $$self1;
}
sub Foo::setBar {
    package Foo;
    my $self = shift @_;
    $$self1 = shift @_;
}
constants.pl syntax OK

This is a reflection of how Perl sees this program after compilation and optimization. Notice that there is NO subroutine call within sub Foo::getBar or sub Foo::setBar with regards to the BAR 'constant', which is really a subroutine, but has been optimized back to being a constant -- namely, "1".

Cheers,
Richard