I don't get it. Isn't the previous successful match at the LHS of the s///? Isn't that interpolated into this regex? Like this:

    #!/usr/bin/perl -wl

    use strict;

    $_ = "3 L-homoserine";

    /(\w-\w)/;
    print $1;

    s/(\d*\s*)L-homoserine/${1}2-Amino-4-hydroxybutyric acid/;
    print;

    $_ = "L-homoserine";

    s/(\d*\s*)L-homoserine/${1}2-Amino-4-hydroxybutyric acid/;
    print;

    __END__
    Prints:

    L-h
    3 2-Amino-4-hydroxybutyric acid
    2-Amino-4-hydroxybutyric acid
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--
John.